Influencing Factors of Online Learning Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention Among Chinese College Students

Authors

  • Yu Zhou
  • Somsit Duangekanong

Keywords:

Convenience, Benefit, Self-efficacy, Student Engagement, Flexibility, Perceived Usefulness, Satisfaction, Intention

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the key influencing factors of college students’ online learning satisfaction and behavioral intention during the epidemic period. The examined variables are convenience, benefit, self-efficacy, student engagement, flexibility, perceived usefulness, satisfaction and intention. The methodology used is quantitative method (n=550) by sending questionnaires to senior art and design students in three private universities in Sichuan Province. Multistage sampling was accounted to use nonprobability sampling with judgmental sampling to select top three private art colleges and universities. Next, probability sampling with stratified random sampling was taken to calculate the amount of each group. Last, the convenience sampling was to distribute questionnaires via offline and online channels. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), including model fit, reliability, and validity were deployed for data analysis. Research findings showed that convenience, benefit, self-efficacy, student engagement, flexibility, and perceived usefulness significantly impact satisfaction and intention. Satisfaction strongly influences online learning intention, followed by benefit, student engagement, flexibility, perceived usefulness, convenience, and self-efficacy. In summary, seven hypotheses were proven to achieve research objectives. Therefore, this study suggests academic practitioners to assess influencing factors to improve college students’ online learning satisfaction and behavioral intention.

References

Abele, A. E., & Spurk, D. (2009). The longitudinal impact of self-efficacy and career goals on objective and subjective career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(1), 53-62.

Aboelmaged, M. G. (2010). Predicting Eprocurement adoption in a developing country: an empirical integration of technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 110(3), 392-414.

Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Action control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11-39). Springer-Verlag.

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1977). Attitude Behavior Relations: A Theoretical Analysis and Review of Empirical Research. Psychological Bulletin, 84 (5), 888-918.

Arbaugh, J. B. (2000). Virtual classroom characteristics and student satisfaction with internet-based MBA courses. Journal of Management Education, 24(1), 32-54.

Arbuckle, L. J. (2008). AMOS 17.0 User’s Guide. IBM SPSS.

Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L., & Leiter, M. P. (2011). Key questions regarding work engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 4-28.

Bandura, A. (1994). Self-effificacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (pp. 71-81). Academic Press.

Bandura, A. (1995). Exercise of personal and collective efficacy in changing societies. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Selfefficacy in Changing Societies (pp. 1- 45). Cambridge University Press.

Bansal, H. S., McDougall, G. H. G., Dikolli, S. S., & Sedatole, K. L. (2004). Relating e-satisfaction to behavioral outcomes: an empirical study. Journal of Services Marketing, 18(4), 290-302.

Berry, L. L., Seiders, K., & Grewal, D. (2002). Understanding service convenience. Journal of Marketing, 66(3), 1-17.

Bhattacharya, C. B., Korschun, D., & Sen, S. (2009). Strengthening stakeholder– company relationships through mutually beneficial corporate social responsibility initiatives. Journal of Business Ethics, 85, 257 -272.

Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems continuance: an expectation confirmation model. MIS Quarterly, 25(3), 351-370.

Bitner, M. J., Booms, B. H., & Tetreault, M. S. (1990). The service encounter: Diagnosing favorable and unfavorable incidents. Journal of Marketing Research, 21, 408-418.

Bodet, G. (2008). Customer satisfaction and loyalty in service: two concepts, four constructs, several relationships. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 15(3), 156-162.

Bomia, L., Beluzo, L., Demeester, D., Elander, K., Johnson, M., & Sheldon, B. (1997). The impact of teaching strategies on intrinsic motivation. ERIC database

Briggs, A. (2015, February). Ten ways to overcome barriers to student engagement online. Online Learning Consortium. http://onlinelearningconsortium.org/ne ws_item/tenways-overcome-barriersstudent-engagement-online/

Browne, W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models. Sage.

Brown, L. G. (1990). Convenience in services marketing, Journal of Services Marketing, 4(1), 53-59.

Cadell, S., Regehr, C., & Hemsworth, D. (2003). Factors contributing to posttraumatic growth: A proposed structural equation model. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 73(3), 279-287.

Cain, L., Busser, J., & Baloglu, S. (2015). Profiling the motivations and experiences of spa customers. Anatolia. 27, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.201 5.1076729.

Chiu, C. M., & Wang, E. T. G. (2008). Understanding web-based learning continuance intention: the role of subjective task value. Information & Management, 45(3), 194-201.

Collier, J. E., Ponder, N., & White, L. A. (2007). An examination of online education convenience in graduate business programs. Society for Marketing Advances Proceedings, 173-174.

Colwell, S. R., Aung, M., Kanetkar, V., & Holden, A. L. (2008). Toward a measure of service convenience: multiple‐item scale development and empirical test. Journal of Services Marketing, 22(2), 160-169. https://doi.org/10.1108/088760408108 62895

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-339.

Eom, S. (2012). Effects of LMS, selfefficacy, and self-regulated learning on LMS effectiveness in business education. Journal of International Education in Business, 5(2), 129-144. https://doi.org/10.1108/183632612112 81744.

Eom, S. B., Ashill, N., & Wen, H. J. (2006). The determinants of students’ perceived learning outcome and satisfaction in university online education: an empirical investigation. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 4(2). 215-36.

Federici, R. (2013). Principals’ self-efficacy: relations with job autonomy, job satisfaction, and contextual constraints. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28(1), 73-86.

Federici, R., & Skaalvik, E. (2012). Principal self-efficacy: relations with burnout, job satisfaction and motivation to quit. Social Psychology of Education: An International Journal, 15(3), 295-320.

Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4). 384-412.

Fornell, C., & Larcker D. G. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39–50.

Forza, C., & Filippini, R. (1998). TQM impact on quality conformance and customer satisfaction: a causal model. International journal of production economics, 55(1), 1-20.

Githens, R. P. (2007). Understanding interpersonal interaction in an online professional development course. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 18(2), 253-274.

Gray, J., & Diloreto, M. (2016). The Effects of Student Engagement, Student Satisfaction, and Perceived Learning in Online Learning Environments. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 11, 89-119.

Greenspoon, P. J., & Saklofske. D. H. (1998). Confirmatory factor analysis of the multidimensional students’ life satisfaction scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(5), 965-971.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall

Hayes, R. H., & Pisano, G. P. (1994). Beyond world-class: the new manufacturing strategy. Harvard Business Review, 72(1), 77-86.

He, M. G., Kim, H. K., & Lee, J. H. (2019). Influence on the Use Intention of Alipay Payment Service by Chinese Tourists Visiting Korea. Journal of Mountain and Landscape Studies, 10(11), 7– 13. https://doi.org/10.13106/IJIDB.2019.VOL10.NO11.7

Henseler, J., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modeling. Computational statistics, 28(2), 565-580.

Hogarth, R. M. (1991). A perspective on cognitive research in accounting. The Accounting Review, 66(2), 277-290.

Hong, J. C., Hwang, M. Y., Szeto, E., Tsai, C. R., Kuo, Y. C., & Hsu, W. Y. (2016). Internet cognitive failure relevant to self-efficacy, learning interest, and satisfaction with social media learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 55(1), 214-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.chb.2015.09.010

Israel, G. D. (1992). Determining sample size. Agricultural Education and Communication Department, UF/IFAS Extension, 1-5

Jaccard, J., & Wan, C. (1996). LISREL approaches to interaction effects in multiple regression. Sage.

Jeong, M. (2004). An exploratory study of perceived importance of web site characteristics: the case of the bed and breakfast industry. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 11(4), 29-44.

Jin, Y., & Oriaku, N. (2013). E-service flexibility: meeting new customer demands online. Management Research Review, 36(11), 1123-1136.

Johnson, R. D., Hornik, S., & Salas, E. (2008). An empirical examination of factors contributing to the creation of successful e-learning environments. International. Journal of Human Computer Studies, 66(5), 356-69.

Kaura, V., Prasad, C. S. D., & Sharma, S. (2014). Impact of service quality, service convenience and perceived price fairness on customer satisfaction in Indian retail banking sector. Management and Labour Studies, 39(2), 127-139.

Kaura, V., Prasad, C. S. D., & Sharma, S. (2015). Service quality, service convenience, price and fairness, customer loyalty, and the mediating role of customer satisfaction. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 33(4), 404-422.

Keaveney, S. (1995). Customer switching behavior in service industries: an exploratory study. Journal of Marketing, 59(2), 71-82.

Kickert, W. J. (1985). The magic world of flexibility. International Studies of Management and Organization, 14(4), 6-31.

Kim, J., & Jang, C. (2014). A study of factors affecting continuous intention of social network games: focusing on smart device users. Journal of the Korea Society of IT Services, 13(3), 235-255.

Kim, M., Park, M., & Jeong, D. (2004). The effects of customer satisfaction and switching barrier on customer loyalty in the Korean mobile telecommunication services. Telecommunications Policy, 28(2), 145-159.

Kinard, B. R., & Capella, M. L. (2006). Relationship marketing: the influence of consumer involvement on perceived service benefits. Journal of Services Marketing, 20, 359-368.

Lee, K. C., Kang, I., & McKnight, D. H. (2007). Transfer from offline trust to key online perceptions: an empirical study. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 54(4), 729- 741.

Maddison, T., Doi, C., Lucky, S., & Kumaran, M. (2017). Literature Review of Online Learning in Academic Libraries. In T. Maddison & M. Kumaran (Eds.), Distributed Learning (pp. 13-46). Chandos Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08- 100598-9.00002-7

Mandernach, B. J., Donnelli-Sallee, E., & Dailey-Hebert, A. (2011). Assessing course student engagement. In R. Miller, E. Amsel, B. M. Kowalewski, B. B. Beins, K. D. Keith & B. F. Peden (Eds.), Promoting Student Engagement: Techniques and Opportunities (pp. 277-281). American Psychological Association.

Marks, R. B., Sibley, S. D., & Arbaugh, J. B. (2005). A structural equation model of predictors for effective online learning. Journal of Management Education, 29(4), 531-563.

McConnell, D. (2018). E-learning in Chinese higher education: the view from inside. Higher Education, 75(6), 1031–1045. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017- 0183-4

McGrath, R. G., MacMillan, I. C., & Venkataraman, S. (1995). Defining and developing competence: a strategic process paradigm. Strategic Management Journal, 16, 251-75.

Mols, K. (1998). The behavior consequences of PC banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 16(5), 195–201.

Oliver, L. (1997). Satisfaction: A Behavioral Perspective on the Consumer. McGraw-Hill.

Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4). 460-469.

Peltier, J. W., Drago, W., & Schibrowsky, J. A. (2003). Virtual communities and the assessment of online marketing education. Journal of Marketing Education, 25(3), 260-76.

Peltier, J. W., Schibrowsky, J. A., & Drago, W. (2007). The interdependence of the factors influencing the perceived quality of the online learning experience: a causal model. Journal of Marketing Education, 29(2), 40-153.

Pisano, G. P. (1994). Knowledge, integration, and the locus of learning: an empirical analysis of process development. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 85-100.

Pollack, E. (1990). Plans as complex mental attitudes, In P. R. Cohen, J. Morgan & M. E. Pollack (Eds.), Intentions in Communication (pp. 120-123). MIT Press.

Reynolds, K. E., & Beatty, S. E. (1999). Customer benefits and company consequences of a retail-customer relationship. Journal of Retailing, 75(1), 11-32.

Roca, J. C., Chiu, C. M., & Martinez, F. J. (2008). Understanding e-learning continuance intention: an extension of the technology acceptance model. Human-Computer Studies, 64, 683– 696.

Rothbard, N. P. (2001). Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(4), 655-684.

Sahin, I., & Shelley, M. (2008). Considering Students' Perceptions: The Distance Education Student Satisfaction Model. Educational Technology & Society, 11(3), 216-223.

Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., GonzalezRoma, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: a two-sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.

Seddon, P. B. (1997). A respecification and extension of the DeLone and McLean model of IS success. Information Systems Research, 8(3), 240-253.

Seddon, P. B., & Kiew, M. Y. (1996). A partial test and development of the DeLone and McLean’s model of IS success. Australian Journal of Information Systems, 4(1), 90-109.

Shea, P., Fredericksen, E., Pickett, A., & Pelz, W. (2003). Student satisfaction and reported learning in the SUNY Learning Network. In T. Duffy & J. Kirkley (Eds.), Learner Centered Theory and Practice in Distance Education. Lawrence Erlbaum.

Shen, D., Cho, M. H., Tsai, C. L., & Marra, R. (2013). Unpacking online learning experiences: online learning selfefficacy and learning satisfaction. Internet and Higher Education, 19(1) 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2013. 04.001.

Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2009). Does school context matter? Relations with teacher burnout and job satisfaction. Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 25(3), 518-524.

Staples, D. S., Wong, I., & Seddon, P. B. (2002). Having expectations of information systems benefits that match received benefits: does it really matter? Information & Management, 40(2), 115-131.

Tandon, U., Kiran, R., & Sah, A. (2016). Analyzing the complexities of website functionality, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on customer satisfaction of online shopping in India. International Journal of Electronic Marketing and Retailing, 7(2), 115- 140.

Tandon, U., Kiran, R., & Sah, A. (2017). Analyzing customer satisfaction: users’ perspective towards online shopping. Nankai Business Review International, 8(3), 266-288. https://doi.org/10.1108/NBRI-04- 2016-0012

Thirumalai, S., & Sinha, K. K. (2011). Customization of the online purchase process in electronic retailing and customer satisfaction: an online field study. Journal of Operations Management, 29(5), 477-487.

Thomke, S. (1997). The role of flexibility in the development of new products: an empirical study. Research Policy, 26, 105-19.

Triandis, H. C. (1980). Values, attitudes, and interpersonal behavior. In H. Howe & M. Page (Eds.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 195-259). University of Nebraska Press.

Upton, D. M. (1995). What really makes factories flexible? Harvard Business Review, 73(4), 74-84.

Urdan, T. A., & Weggen, C. C. (2000). Corporate e-learning: Exploring a new frontier. WR Hambrecht Co.

Valcour, M., & Ladge, J. J. (2008). Family and career path characteristics as predictors of women’s objective and subjective career success: integrating traditional and protean career explanations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(2), 300-309.

Vandenberg, R. J., & Scarpello, V. (1994). A Longitudinal Assessment of the Determinant Relationship between Employee Commitments to the Occupation and the Organization. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 535-547. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.403015060 5

Wang, M. (2015). A comparative study on affecting factors of smart phone paid/free application use's continuance intention [Unpublished master dissertation]. Chonnam National University.

Wang, Q., Zhu, Z., Chen, L., & Yan, H. (2009). E-learning in China. Campus Wide Information Systems, 26(2), https://doi.org/77-81. 10.1108/10650740910946783

Wen, C., Prybutok, V. R., & Xu, C. (2011). An integrated model for customer online repurchase intention. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 52(1), 14-23.

Wixom, B. H., & Watson, H. J. (2001). An empirical investigation of the factors affecting data warehousing success. MIS Quarterly, 25(1), 17-41.

Wrzesniewski, A. (2012). Callings. In K. S. Cameron & G. M. Spreitzer (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Positive Organizational Scholarship (pp. 45- 55). Oxford University Press.

Wu, J. H., & Wang, Y. M. (2006). Measuring KMS success: a specification of the DeLone and McLean model. Information & Management, 43(2), 728-739.

Yu, C. S. (2012). Factors affecting individuals to adopt mobile banking: empirical evidence from the UTAUT model. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 13(1), 104-121.

Zhang, L. L., & Kim, H. K. (2019). An Empirical Study on Effecting Characteristics of Financial Services on Use Intention: Focusing on Asset Management of Mobile Fin Tech Using Alipay. International Journal of Business Policy and Strategy Management, 6(1), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.21742/IJBPSM.201 9.6.1.05

Zhou, T. (2014). Understanding the determinants of mobile payment continuance usage. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 114(6), 936-948.

Downloads

Published

2024-02-29