บทบาทของอเมริกาและรัฐไทยในการพัฒนาประเทศกับการเปลี่ยนแปลงของเศรษฐกิจสังคมของภาคตะวันออกในช่วงสงครามเวียดนาม (1955 – 1975)
The Roles of America and Thai State in National Development and the Socioeconomic Changes in the Eastern Thailand During the Vietnam War (1955 – 1975)
Keywords:
ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างอเมริกาและไทย, รัฐไทยกับการพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจ, สงครามเวียดนาม, การเปลี่ยนแปลงของเศรษฐกิจสังคม, ภาคตะวันออกAbstract
บทความชิ้นนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาบทบาทและผลที่เกิดขึ้นของบทบาทของอเมริกาและรัฐไทยในการพัฒนาประเทศในช่วงหลังสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2 จนถึงการสิ้นสุดของสงครามเวียดนามปี 1975ในช่วงเวลาดังกล่าวอเมริกาถือเป็นประเทศที่มีบทบาทในการพัฒนาประเทศไทยในภาพรวมโดยเฉพาะในมิติทางเศรษฐกิจรวมถึงความมั่นคง ความสัมพันธ์ดังกล่าวนอกจากจะส่งผลต่อการพัฒนาในระดับประเทศในภาพรวมแล้วยังส่งผลให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางด้านเศรษฐกิจและสังคมของภาคตะวันออกอีกด้วย ภาคตะวันออกกลายเป็นฐานทรัพยากรในการผลิตเพื่อตอบสนองการขยายตัวของทุนนิยม นอกจากนี้การที่ภาคตะวันออกกลายเป็นพื้นที่ยุทธศาสตร์ในสงครามเวียดนามยังผลให้มีการเร่งรัดการพัฒนาในพื้นที่ ภาคตะวันออก โดยบทความชิ้นนี้มุ่งเชื่อมโยงปัจจัยภายนอก อย่างบริบทโลก บริบทภายในภูมิภาค ประกอบกับปัจจัยภายในเพื่ออธิบายการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางเศรษฐกิจและสังคมในพื้นที่ภาคตะวันออก This article aims to study the roles and effects of America and Thai state in performing Thailand development during the post WW2 era until 1975 when the Vietnam War was ended. By that specific period, the United States took the important role in many perspectives of Thai national development especially economics and security. The role of the United States not only affected Thailand nationwide but the specific region namely the Eastern part of Thailand where its socioeconomic was changed. The Eastern coast became the centered resource area of national production to serve the enlargement of capitalism. Since the Eastern region was the strategic area of the battle in Vietnam War, this area was intensively developed. This article also aims to present the linkage between the external factors (such as the global contexts, regional contexts) and the internal factors so that the socioeconomic changes in the Eastern Thailand would be explained clearly.References
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