การปนเปื้อนไมโครพลาสติกในหอยแมลงภู่และหอยนางรม กรณีศึกษาตลาดประมง จังหวัดชลบุรี

The Contamination of Microplastics in Mussel (Mytilus edulis), and Oyster (Crassostrea gigas): A Case Study from a Fish Market, Chonburi Province

Authors

  • พรนภา แซ่ลี้
  • มนพร วงศ์สุนทรชัย
  • นิตย์ตะยา ผาสุขพันธุ์

Keywords:

ไมโครพลาสติก , การปนเปื้อน , ตลาดประมง , หอยแมลงภู่, หอยนางรม , contamination, fish market, microplastic, mussel, oyster

Abstract

การปนเปื้อนของชิ้นพลาสติกที่มีขนาดเล็กกว่า 5 มิลลิเมตร หรือไมโครพลาสติก ถือเป็นปัญหาสำคัญของทั่วโลก เนื่องจากการปนเปื้อนไมโครพลาสติกอาจทำให้เกิดผลกระทบต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมและสุขภาพของมนุษย์ ปัจจุบันพบว่าไมโครพลาสติกสามารถปนเปื้อนในอาหารทะเลโดยเฉพาะหอยที่เป็นสัตว์น้ำที่คนนิยมนำมาบริโภค ทั้งตัวไมโครพลาสติกจึงปนเปื้อนในห่วงโซ่อาหารและสามารถเข้าสู่ร่างกายของมนุษย์ได้แม้ว่าจะพบการปนเปื้อน ไมโครพลาสติกในหอยในหลายประเทศทั่วโลก แต่ในประเทศไทยข้อมูลการปนเปื้อนไมโครพลาสติกในหอยที่จำหน่ายในตลาดประมงขนาดใหญ่ยังมีไม่มากนัก ดังนั้นงานวิจัยนี้จึงศึกษาการปนเปื้อนไมโครพลาสติกในหอย แมลงภู่และหอยนางรมซึ่งเป็นหอยที่คนไทยนิยมบริโภค ที่จำหน่ายในตลาดประมงแห่งใหญ่ของประเทศไทย ผลการศึกษาพบไมโครพลาสติกปนเปื้อนในหอยแมลงภู่ จำนวน 9±3.55 ชิ้น/กรัม หรือ 46.60±15.70 ชิ้น/ตัว และหอยนางรม จำนวน 9.5±0.71 ชิ้น/กรัม หรือ 49.60±10 ชิ้น/ตัว และขนาดของชิ้นส่วนไมโครพลาสติกที่พบในหอยแมลงภู่ เท่ากับ 0.64±0.36 มิลลิเมตร และในหอยนางรม เท่ากับ 0.28±0.22 มิลลิเมตร รูปร่างไมโคร พลาสติกที่พบในหอยทั้งสองชนิด คือเป็นแบบชิ้นส่วน ร้อยละ 66.67 ซึ่งพบในหอยแมลงภู่และหอยนางรม และแบบเส้นใย พบเฉพาะในหอยนางรม คิดเป็นร้อยละ 33.33 โดยสีที่พบ ได้แก่ สีดำ สีขาว และสีฟ้า สำหรับชนิดไมโครพลาสติกที่พบมากที่สุด ได้แก่ ชนิด Polyethylene (PE)และ Poly tetrafluoroethylene (Teflon: PTFE) พบในหอยนางรม คิดเป็นร้อยละ 50 และพบในหอยแมลงภู่ คิดเป็นร้อยละ 25 และชนิด Styrene (SAN) และ Polystyrene (PS) พบเฉพาะในหอยแมลงภู่ คิดเป็นร้อยละ 25 ดังนั้น งานวิจัยนี้จึงชี้ให้เห็นว่าหอยแมลงภู่และหอยนางรมที่วางจำหน่ายในตลาดประมงแห่งใหญ่ของประเทศไทยมีการปนเปื้อนไมโครพลาสติกในปริมาณสูง และข้อมูลจากงานวิจัยสามารถใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ปริมาณการได้รับสัมผัสและประเมินค่าความเสี่ยงจากการรับสัมผัสไมโครพลาสติกที่ปนเปื้อนในหอยที่คนไทยนิยมบริโภคต่อไป  Contamination of plastic fragments smaller than 5 millimeters, known as microplastics, is a crucial global issue due to its possible negative impacts on the environment and human health. Currently, microplastics are found in seafood, especially in bivalves usually eaten whole without gut removal; hence, microplastics can enter the human body through the food chain. Although microplastic contamination in bivalves has been found in many countries worldwide, the information on microplastic contamination in bivalves sold in big fish markets in Thailand is still limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to gain a better understanding of microplastic contamination in domestic oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) which are widely consumed by Thai people and sold in a major fish market in Thailand. The results revealed that the microplastic contamination in the mussels was approximately 9±3.55 particles/g or 46.60±15.70 particles/ individual, and in the oysters was approximately 9.5±0.71 particles/g or 49.60±10 particles/ individual. The average sizes of microplastics were 0.64±0.36 mm in the mussels and 0.28±0.22 mm in the oysters. The dominant shape of microplastics was the fragments found in both bivalves, accounting for 66.67% while another 33.33% was fiber found only in oysters. The microplastics found were black, white, and blue. Polyethylene (PE) and Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon: PTFE), two of the most detected microplastics, were found for about 50% in oysters and 25% in mussels. Additionally, Styrene (SAN), Polystyrene (PS) were found only in mussels for about 25%. In conclusion, this study indicated that the oysters and mussels sold in the top fish market in Thailand were highly contaminated with microplastics. Accordingly, the results from this study can be used to support further studies on exposure assessment and health risk assessment from ingestion of microplastics contaminated in the bivalves commonly consumed in Thailand.

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Published

2022-09-29