การปนเปื้อนของไมโครพลาสติกในแหล่งน้ำผิวดิน กรณีศึกษา คลองท่อ จังหวัดพระนครศรีอยุธยา
Microplastics Contamination in Surface Waters: A Case Study in Khlong Tho, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Province
Keywords:
ไมโครพลาสติก , แหล่งน้ำผิวดิน , คลองท่อ , จังหวัดพระนครศรีอยุธยา, microplastics, surface waters , Khlong Tho , Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya ProvinceAbstract
ปัจจุบันปัญหามลพิษจากไมโครพลาสติกในระบบนิเวศทางทะเลต่างได้รับความสนใจทั่วโลก แต่ข้อมูลการปนเปื้อนของไมโครพลาสติกในระบบนิเวศแหล่งน้ำจืดยังมีการศึกษาค่อนข้างน้อย โดยเฉพาะการศึกษาในแหล่งน้ำผิวดินของพื้นที่เขตเมือง งานวิจัยนี้จึงศึกษาการปนเปื้อนของไมโครพลาสติกในแหล่งน้ำผิวดินของคลองท่อ จังหวัดพระนครศรีอยุธยา โดยดำเนินการเก็บตัวอย่างน้ำผิวดินจาก 5 สถานีศึกษาในเดือนกรกฎาคม เดือนสิงหาคม และเดือนกันยายน พ.ศ. 2563 ผลการศึกษาพบ การปนเปื้อนของไมโครพลาสติกในแหล่งน้ำผิวดินรวมทั้งสิ้น 2,916.67 ชิ้นต่อลิตร โดยเฉพาะสถานี KT-1 มีปริมาณไมโครพลาสติก สูงสุด (783.33 ชิ้นต่อลิตร) ซึ่งแสดงถึงแนวโน้มการปรากฏและความหนาแน่นที่ลดลงของไมโครพลาสติกในตัวอย่างน้ำผิวดิน ตลอดเส้นทางการไหลของกระแสน้ำจากสถานี KT-5 สู่สถานี KT-1 ผลการจำแนกลักษณะรูปร่างของไมโครพลาสติกพบว่า รูปร่างที่พบการปนเปื้อนสูงสุด คือ รูปร่างแบบเส้นใย (1,750.00 ชิ้นต่อลิตร) รองลงมาคือ แผ่นชิ้นเล็ก แผ่นฟิล์ม และทรงกลม (753.33, 360.00 และ 53.33 ชิ้นต่อลิตร ตามลำดับ) ขณะเดียวกันผลการจำแนกสีของไมโครพลาสติกที่มีการปนเปื้อนสูงสุด ในตัวอย่างน้ำ คือ ไมโครพลาสติกสีน้ำเงิน (1,086.67 ชิ้นต่อลิตร) ดังนั้นความแตกต่างของรูปร่างและสีของไมโครพลาสติก ที่พบแพร่กระจายในแต่ละสถานีศึกษาแสดงถึงความสัมพันธ์ของลักษณะพื้นที่และการดำเนินกิจกรรมต่าง ๆ ของมนุษย์ Recently, microplastics pollution in the global marine environment are widely interested. On the other hand, microplastic contaminants in freshwater ecosystem is still limited, especially surface waters in urban area. This study was investigated the contamination of microplastics in surface water of the Khlong Tho, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. The surface water samples were collected from 5 sampling sites during July, August and September 2020. The results revealed that the contamination of microplastics in surface water were 2,916.67 pieces per liter, with the most of microplastics abundance was KT-1 (783.33 pieces per liter). Therefore, these results indicated a gradient of microplastic presence with water flow distance: low-density microplastic decreased from the water surface in KT-5to KT-1 . Moreover, the most prevalence type of microplastics was fibers (1,7 5 0.0 0 pieces per liter), followed by fragments, films and pellets (753.33, 360.00and 53.33 pieces per liter, respectively). Meanwhile, the most microplastic color in this study was blue (1,086.67 pieces per liter). The different types and colors of microplastic indicated that the landscape-specific occurrence of microplastics is likely to be related to differences in human activities, even though fibers and blue were distributed throughout the study area.References
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