ปัจจัยทำนายพฤติกรรมการหลีกเลี่ยงการสูบบุหรี่ของนักเรียนชายชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้นในโรงเรียนขยายโอกาส
Predictive Factors of Smoking Avoidance Behaviors Among Male Students of Extended Educational Opportunity Schools
Keywords:
พฤติกรรมการหลีกเลี่ยงการสูบบุหรี่ , นักเรียนชายชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น, Smoking avoidance behaviors, Male students, Extended educational opportunity schoolsAbstract
การวิจัยแบบวิเคราะห์หาความสัมพันธ์เชิงทำนายครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาปัจจัยทำนายพฤติกรรมการหลีกเลี่ยงการสูบบุหรี่ของนักเรียนชายชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้นในโรงเรียนขยายโอกาส กลุ่มตัวอย่างคือนักเรียนชายชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้นในโรงเรียนขยายโอกาส จำนวน 168 คน ซึ่งได้มาโดยการสุ่มตัวอย่างอย่างง่าย เครื่องมือในการเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูล แบบสอบถามข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล แบบวัดพฤติกรรมหลีกเลี่ยงการสูบบุหรี่ การมองโลกในแง่ดี ความสามารถในการเผชิญและฝ่าฟันอุปสรรค ทัศนคติต่อการสูบบุหรี่ พฤติกรรมการบริโภคสื่อด้วยปัญญา และอิทธิพลของกลุ่มเพื่อน ซึ่งมีค่าความเชื่อมั่นสัมประสิทธิ์แอลฟ่าครอนบาค เท่ากับ .82, .80, .80, .81, .81 และ .85 ตามลำดับ วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยสถิติเชิงพรรณนา และวิเคราะห์ถดถอยพหุคูณแบบขั้นตอน ผลวิจัยพบว่า กลุ่มตัวอย่าง มีคะแนนเฉลี่ยพฤติกรรมการหลีกเลี่ยงการสูบบุหรี่อยู่ในระดับมาก (M = 18.9, SD = 3.34) ตัวแปรที่สามารถทำนายได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ได้แก่ การมองโลกในแง่ดี (β = .301, p < .001) และทัศนคติต่อการสูบบุหรี่ (β = -.242, p = .004) โดยสามารถร่วมกันทำนายได้ร้อยละ 8.9 (R2= .089, p < .001) ผลวิจัยครั้งนี้มีข้อเสนอแนะว่า บุคลากรทางด้านสุขภาพ และควรนำผลการ วิจัยที่ร่วมทำนาย ไปพัฒนาแนวทาง เพื่อให้นักเรียนมีภูมิคุ้มกันด้านจิตใจเพื่อป้องกันตนเองจากการสูบบุหรี่ This predictive correlational research aimed to examine the smoking avoidance behavior and its influencing factors among male junior high school students in opportunity expansion school. Simple random sampling was used to recruit 168 junior high school students who met the inclusion criteria. Research instruments were questionnaires that included personal information, smoking avoidance behaviors, optimism, adversity quotient, attitude towards smoking, media consumption behavior with intelligence, and peer group influence. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of questionnaires were .82, .80, .80, .81, .81 and .85 respectively. Data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that the mean smoking avoidance behavior score of samples was high (M = 18.9, SD = 3.34). The factors that significantly predicted smoking avoidance behavior included optimism (β = .301, p < .001), and attitude towards smoking (β = -.242, p = .004). These variables together explained 8.9 % of the variance in smoking avoidance behavior (R2 = .089, p < .001). The results of this study suggest that nurses, healthcare workers, and the personnel working in government and private educational institutions should promote optimism and improve the students’ attitude toward smoking. This may also help to develop guidelines or programs to promote psychological immunity and prevent youths from smoking.References
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