ผลของโปรแกรมส่งเสริมโภชนาการในระยะตั้งครรภ์ต่อการหลั่งน้ำนม ในระยะแรกหลังคลอด
The Effectiveness of a Nutrition Promotion Program during Pregnancy on Breast Milk Lactation during the Early Postpartum Period
Keywords:
สตรีตั้งครรภ์, การหลั่งน้ำนม, โภชนาการ, pregnant women, nutrition, breast milk lactationAbstract
การวิจัยแบบกึ่งทดลองนี้ มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาผลของโปรแกรมส่งเสริมโภชนาการในระยะตั้งครรภ์ต่อการหลั่งน้ำนมในระยะแรกหลังคลอด กลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นสตรีตั้งครรภ์ที่มาฝากครรภ์และคลอด ณ โรงพยาบาลธรรมศาสตร์เฉลิมพระเกียรติ จำนวน 58 ราย คัดเลือกกลุ่มตัวอย่างตามเกณฑ์การคัดเลือกที่กำหนด แบ่งเป็นกลุ่มทดลอง 28 ราย และกลุ่มควบคุม 30 ราย โดยกลุ่มทดลองได้รับโปรแกรมส่งเสริมโภชนาการในระยะตั้งครรภ์ตามแนวคิดรูปแบบการส่งเสริมสุขภาพ โดยเน้นการรับรู้ประโยชน์ของพฤติกรรม การลดการรับรู้อุปสรรคของการปฏิบัติ และการส่งเสริมอิทธิพลระหว่างบุคคลร่วมกับการพยาบาลตามปกติ กลุ่มควบคุมได้รับการพยาบาลตามปกติ เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลโดยใช้แบบบันทึกข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล และแบบบันทึกการหลั่งน้ำนมหลังคลอด ซึ่งค่าสัมประสิทธิ์แอลฟาของครอนบาค .89 วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยสถิติพรรณนา สถิติการทดสอบค่าที และสถิติการวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวนแบบวัดซ้ำ ผลการศึกษาพบว่า สตรีตั้งครรภ์กลุ่มทดลอง มีคะแนนการหลั่งน้ำนมในระยะแรกหลังคลอดสูงกว่ากลุ่มควบคุม อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (F1,56 = 23.906, p < .001) จากผลการวิจัยมีข้อเสนอแนะว่าพยาบาลควรนำโปรแกรมส่งเสริมโภชนาการในระยะตั้งครรภ์นี้ไปประยุกต์ใช้ร่วมกับการพยาบาลตามปกติ เพื่อให้การหลั่งน้ำนมในระยะแรกหลังคลอดมีประสิทธิภาพยิ่งขึ้น This quasi-experimental research aimed to study the effectiveness of a nutrition promotion program on breast milk lactation during the early postpartum period. Fifty-eight pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from the ante-natal care clinic at Thammasat University Hospital. Twenty-eight pregnant women were assigned to the experimental group and the rest to the control group. The Pender health promotion model guided the nutrition promotion program provided in the experimental group with an emphasis on recognizing perceived benefits, reducing barriers, promoting interpersonal influences, and receiving routine nursing care. The participants in the control group received routine postpartum nursing care. Data were collected using personal and postpartum lactation-record forms. Cronbach’s alpha was .89. Descriptive statistics, an independent t-test and repeated-measure analysis of variance were used for data analysis. The results showed that the participants in the experimental group had statistically significantly higher mean breast milk lactation scores during their early postpartum period than those in the control group (F1,56 = 23.906, p < .001). This study suggests including nutrition promotion programs as a part of routine care for pregnant women visiting antenatal-care clinics.References
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