Integration of the Buddhist Yonisomanasikara Thinking Framework with the Problem Solving Cycle: Phenomenological Research at Roong Aroon School

Abstract

ABSTRACT            Yonisomanasikara (Yo-ni-so-ma-na-si-karn) is a thinking framework that contains ten thinking elements. This study has two objectives. The first one is to explore the detailed application of Yonisomanasikara thinking elements. The second objective is to explore the possible pattern of integrating the Yonisomanasikara framework to the problem solving cycle. Understanding such issues may improve individual problem solving skills, which is the focus of HRD in developing human expertise. Since this study explored the essence of experience which is derived from memories and internal reflection, it required the phenomenological research strategy of inquiry. Roong Aroon School was one of the rare places that have a supportive context for implementing Buddhist concepts, especially the Yonisomanasikara framework. Therefore, Roong Aroon teachers were unique participants for this study. The results describe both the specific application of all 10 Yonisomanasikara thinking elements and the overall characteristics of the framework. The Yonisomanasikara framework has its own uniqueness, which comes from the linkage to values, culture, and to the religious concept, especially virtue. Most of all, the framework always focuses on the human factors, such as feelings and emotions. The analysis also reveals that there is no specific combination of the Yonisomanasikara thinking elements. It depends on the context of the problem. When integrated with the problem solving cycle, some Yonisomanasikara thinking elements may be repeatedly used in all five steps of the problem solving cycle, which is similar to a circular staircase that has an upward direction through five steps (levels) of the problem solving cycle. However, only one possible pattern is derived from the analysis.